Maus, The Most Audacious And Controversial Choice Of The...

In his graphic novel, Maus, Art Spiegelman tells an account of the Holocaust in the most daring of ways. Spiegelman’s choice to tell a biographical account in comic book form is bold in and of itself, but his choice to portray all of his characters as animals is the most audacious and controversial choice of all. In Maus, every ethnic group is characterized by its own distinct animal: Jews are mice, Germans are cats, non-Jewish Poles are pigs, and so on. This deliberate choice alludes to the extreme essentialization of identity during the Holocaust. Just as in Maus people are very clearly labeled as mice, pigs, cats, etc., during the Holocaust, people were very strictly groups together by whether they were Jewish, Polish, or German. Each group’s identity was very discretely defined, and there was meant to be no overlap between groups whatsoever. During the Holocaust, who you were was predetermined, and you were stuck with your assigned identity and the consequences and/ or privileges that came with it. At key moments in the novel, however, Spiegelman diverts from this strict essentialization of identity. At two distinct moments he draws his characters wearing masks, outwardly portraying an identity different from their inherent identity. In Maus, masks are used as measure of deception and affiliation. Through the use of masks, the characters in Maus have a choice of identity. Masks allow autonomy over one’s identity, an autonomy that did not exist during the Holocaust.

The Brain Drain and Revolution in the Late 19th and Early...

Introduction By the end of the 19th century, Chinese officials were beginning to realize that their country’s educational infrastructure was becoming increasingly anachronistic. Traditional education largely ignored technology—considered it low class, even—and students instead focused on cultivating a sense of moral righteousness. Yet, the Confucian-centered examination system was beginning to prove ineffective in a world where modern militaries predominated in international relations. China learned this painful lesson during a succession of lost wars, eventually entering a long period of introspection, quite notably, by first looking outward. Foreign education systems were of particular interest to this nation in transition. Foreign†¦show more content†¦In fact, the late Qing Empire’s encounter with Western civilization was necessarily heralded by guns, warships, and other new instruments of Western military might. The narrative of China’s dynastic glo ry was replaced with a newer, less flattering image of China as the â€Å"sick man of Asia† (Holcombe 193). Fears of the encroaching imperial powers were only heightened after China lost in the 1865-60 Opium War, as were fears of increasing internal disorder, as evinced by the 1851-64 Taiping Rebellion (Bary 661; Rhoads 1-2). China would later suffer yet another humiliating defeat in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-5, but they first instituted a series of reforms in an attempt to curtail foreign dominance, particularly in the military sphere. China thus entered a period of so-called â€Å"self-strengthening,† a government-led â€Å"restoration† that spanned the years between 1961 and 1895. This movement was largely a response to these early military defeats and the nation’s perceived sense of inferiority (Rhoads 1-2; Holcombe 201). In a phrase, the goal of self-strengthening projects and the larger Tongzhi Restoration (1862-74) was to â€Å"emulate the Wes tern countries and master their technical skills† (Holcombe 201; Rhoads 9). In order to do this, China first had to open its borders to Western influence; the late Qing first allowedShow MoreRelatedEducation in South Africa12740 Words   |  51 Pageshistories of the group, tales of heroism and treachery, and practice in the skills necessary for survival in a changing environment. Colonial education The earliest European schools in South Africa was established in the Cape Colony in the late seventeenth century by Dutch Reformed Church elders committed to biblical instruction, which was necessary for church confirmation. In rural areas, itinerant teachers (meesters ) taught basic literacy and math skills. British mission schools proliferated afterRead MoreGlobalization and Its Impact on Malaysia13672 Words   |  55 Pagesnot new, though. 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Blacks Prison And Institutional Racism Essay Research free essay sample

Blacks, Prison, And Institutional Racism Essay, Research Paper Blacks, Prison, And Institutional Racism Description: The rubric reasonably much says it all in this 1. This paper addresses the issue of inkinesss in prison and explores the socio-economic causes and solutions. This paper uses many govermentally commissioned studies. Blacks, Prison, and Institutional Racism Introduction Criminal justness and security is one of the largest industries in the United States. Such a statistic is ( and justly so ) of great concern to African-americans because a disproportional per centum of persons under the control of the US Criminal Justice System are from the Black community. This paper will look at the dismaying statistics and effort to follow the roots of the disparity. It will so see the affects and research possible solutions to the spread outing job. The Imprisoned Black Youth Black communities throughout the U.S. are witnessing the institutionalization of their young person. Of class institutionalization is nil new to Afro-Americans, it is something Blacks have faced since their being in this state. In the beginning Blacks were forced into the establishment of bondage. After the abolishment of bondage Blacks faced institutional racism, that is, racism legitimated by the whole of society directed against the few of society. As a aspect of that institutional racism Blacks are now forced to persist the increasing tendency of control by the US Criminal Justice System. Control by the USCJS includes the probation, word, imprisonment, and decease of Blacks. A survey conducted by the Sentencing Undertaking in 1989 found tat more than one-quarter of all Blacks between the age of 20 and 29 are under the control of the USCJS. This alarming figure becomes more so when you consider their are more Blacks in prison in this age group than their are all Blacks in college. This clearly reveals what is meant by the institutionalization of our Black young person. Black communities are being lawfully robbed of their young person by a system that locks up those who pose a menace to the position quo of institutional racism. The effects of this are damaging so. The kids are the hereafter, but what hereafter does a community have whose kids are all locked up. By virtuousness of robbing the Black community of their young person, the USCJS robs Black communities of their hereafter leaders and function theoretical accounts. With such a status at manus full communities are lost and the ailments of the urban ghettos are augmented. To assist explicate why Blacks are being locked up, and what portion of imprisonment dramas in institutional racism it would be helpful to first expression at the roots of institutional racism. Institutional Racism And It # 8217 ; s Roots Institutional racism was a term foremost coined by Stokley Carmichael in his book Black Power. Refering racism, Carmichael and co-author Charles V. Hamilton made the undermentioned observation: Racism is both open and covert. It takes two, closely related signifiers ; single White persons moving against single Blacks, and Acts of the Apostless by the sum of White community against the Black community. We call these single racism and institutional racism. The writers go on to province that it is the hiddenness of the 2nd type, the institutional racism, that makes it so unsafe. Because institutional racism is less obvious and it is less evident were it is emanating from ( and it is emanating from everyplace ) creeps up on you and overpower you when you are non looking. Institutional racism, though coined by Carmichael, existed long earlier it was conceived of in Black Power. As I have stated it has existed since Blacks were foremost brought to this state. The leaders of early America sought deliberately to suppress Blacks and do so lawfully. Of class back so they did non bother with probation, word or even long prison sentences. Back so Blacks who went against the grain and objected to his intervention in even the slightest was merely killed. Public lynching were a crowd drawer and a crowd pleaser in the early American South. Blacks were non imprisoned every bit much because they were seen as either utile our useless. A good field custodies or house niggas tended to their jobs, did as they were told, and neer caused a job , and were hence deserving their weight in gold. An uppity nigga was no good to anyone and was either beaten into entry or set to decease. This reveals a really of import facet about the imprisonment of Blacks today. During the period of bondage in the US Blacks were needed as workers and were hence used as so. What are Blacks needed for now? Despite the many achievements of such great discoverers as Granville T. Forests and Benjamin Bannicker, it would look that White society would hold no usage for Blacks. During the period of bondage Blacks deemed useless were killed. In today # 8217 ; s society Blacks are less frequently killed, but are really frequently imprisoned. And by virtuousness of making so Blacks are once more used. As I stated in the beginning condemnable justness and security is one of the largest industries in the US. The prison system is a multi-billion dollar industry and it is quickly increasing. So in an effort to insulate and command the outcast, the hapless Black, an economic niche was filled. There is about an inducement to lock up Blacks because in making so two birds are killed with one rock ; the menace to position quo and its members is contained and a vaulting horse is made in the procedure. It seems the US has matriculated really small from the brutality of the early nineteenth century. Again White society is utilizing Blacks for economic addition, once more the system is legitimated and legalized by the US Government, and once more the load on Blacks is badly great. The Value Of Black Life Slavery in the 90 # 8217 ; s? A chilling, but none the less existent status. But what about when Blacks go beyond their utility. What about when the menace that Blacks pose is a greater consideration than the economic prosperity they bring? Merely as in the period of bondage Blacks are killed. A survey conducted by the United States General Accounting Office ( USGAO ) found that the decease of Whites was the individual greatest determiner in enforcing capital penalty. In other words, you are more likely to be lawfully killed, if you slaying a White adult male than if you kill a Black adult male. It would look so that the value of a White life is diametrically greater than that of a Black life. To to the full understand this you must look at it from all vantage points. If you kill a White you are deserving more dead ; if you kill a Black you are deserving more alive. Another manner to see the sensed greater wealth of a White life is this: a White adult male who kills a Black adult male has a greater opportunity of life. A Black adult male who putting to deaths a White adult male has a greater opportunity of deceasing. From every vantage point the value of White life is greater than that of Black life. This is the individual most cardinal facet of institutional racism. The belief that White life is greater than Black life is the beginning of the job. So much attempt is put into keeping this position quo that Blacks find themselves clip and clip once more put in the place of subjugation they are in today, and have been in since they foremost arrived in the United States 400 old ages ago. Looking For Solution Solutions to the job of the institutionalization of Black young person will non come easily. To supplication for White society to halt imprisoning our hereafter leaders would probably fall on deaf ears. Most leaders do non look past their term of authorities so they take the clip to see the long term deductions of their statute law. In other words, leaders do non see the consequences of holding the future leaders of the Black communities imprisoned. Besides most do non care. In the sentencing undertaking it was pointed out that the acquire tough attack to offense in which there was an addition of apprehensions, strong beliefs and drawn-out sentences has decreased victimization rates less than 5 % since 1973. Despite the statistics the acquire tough tendency, which is disproportionately aimed against Blacks, has continued. What I feel the lone solution is, degrading as it may be, is for Blacks to turn out their worth. Blacks must turn out that they are deserving something to White society beyond the economic niche they help make full in prison. Blacks must turn out that they are a benefit which Whites can non make without. Once We have established ourselves as helpers so We can get down to interrupt down the walls of institutional racism, halt the aside of our communities, and genuinely progress.