Maus, The Most Audacious And Controversial Choice Of The...

In his graphic novel, Maus, Art Spiegelman tells an account of the Holocaust in the most daring of ways. Spiegelman’s choice to tell a biographical account in comic book form is bold in and of itself, but his choice to portray all of his characters as animals is the most audacious and controversial choice of all. In Maus, every ethnic group is characterized by its own distinct animal: Jews are mice, Germans are cats, non-Jewish Poles are pigs, and so on. This deliberate choice alludes to the extreme essentialization of identity during the Holocaust. Just as in Maus people are very clearly labeled as mice, pigs, cats, etc., during the Holocaust, people were very strictly groups together by whether they were Jewish, Polish, or German. Each group’s identity was very discretely defined, and there was meant to be no overlap between groups whatsoever. During the Holocaust, who you were was predetermined, and you were stuck with your assigned identity and the consequences and/ or privileges that came with it. At key moments in the novel, however, Spiegelman diverts from this strict essentialization of identity. At two distinct moments he draws his characters wearing masks, outwardly portraying an identity different from their inherent identity. In Maus, masks are used as measure of deception and affiliation. Through the use of masks, the characters in Maus have a choice of identity. Masks allow autonomy over one’s identity, an autonomy that did not exist during the Holocaust.

The Brain Drain and Revolution in the Late 19th and Early...

Introduction By the end of the 19th century, Chinese officials were beginning to realize that their country’s educational infrastructure was becoming increasingly anachronistic. Traditional education largely ignored technology—considered it low class, even—and students instead focused on cultivating a sense of moral righteousness. Yet, the Confucian-centered examination system was beginning to prove ineffective in a world where modern militaries predominated in international relations. China learned this painful lesson during a succession of lost wars, eventually entering a long period of introspection, quite notably, by first looking outward. Foreign education systems were of particular interest to this nation in transition. Foreign†¦show more content†¦In fact, the late Qing Empire’s encounter with Western civilization was necessarily heralded by guns, warships, and other new instruments of Western military might. The narrative of China’s dynastic glo ry was replaced with a newer, less flattering image of China as the â€Å"sick man of Asia† (Holcombe 193). Fears of the encroaching imperial powers were only heightened after China lost in the 1865-60 Opium War, as were fears of increasing internal disorder, as evinced by the 1851-64 Taiping Rebellion (Bary 661; Rhoads 1-2). China would later suffer yet another humiliating defeat in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-5, but they first instituted a series of reforms in an attempt to curtail foreign dominance, particularly in the military sphere. China thus entered a period of so-called â€Å"self-strengthening,† a government-led â€Å"restoration† that spanned the years between 1961 and 1895. This movement was largely a response to these early military defeats and the nation’s perceived sense of inferiority (Rhoads 1-2; Holcombe 201). In a phrase, the goal of self-strengthening projects and the larger Tongzhi Restoration (1862-74) was to â€Å"emulate the Wes tern countries and master their technical skills† (Holcombe 201; Rhoads 9). In order to do this, China first had to open its borders to Western influence; the late Qing first allowedShow MoreRelatedEducation in South Africa12740 Words   |  51 Pageshistories of the group, tales of heroism and treachery, and practice in the skills necessary for survival in a changing environment. Colonial education The earliest European schools in South Africa was established in the Cape Colony in the late seventeenth century by Dutch Reformed Church elders committed to biblical instruction, which was necessary for church confirmation. In rural areas, itinerant teachers (meesters ) taught basic literacy and math skills. British mission schools proliferated afterRead MoreGlobalization and Its Impact on Malaysia13672 Words   |  55 Pagesnot new, though. 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Blacks Prison And Institutional Racism Essay Research free essay sample

Blacks, Prison, And Institutional Racism Essay, Research Paper Blacks, Prison, And Institutional Racism Description: The rubric reasonably much says it all in this 1. This paper addresses the issue of inkinesss in prison and explores the socio-economic causes and solutions. This paper uses many govermentally commissioned studies. Blacks, Prison, and Institutional Racism Introduction Criminal justness and security is one of the largest industries in the United States. Such a statistic is ( and justly so ) of great concern to African-americans because a disproportional per centum of persons under the control of the US Criminal Justice System are from the Black community. This paper will look at the dismaying statistics and effort to follow the roots of the disparity. It will so see the affects and research possible solutions to the spread outing job. The Imprisoned Black Youth Black communities throughout the U.S. are witnessing the institutionalization of their young person. Of class institutionalization is nil new to Afro-Americans, it is something Blacks have faced since their being in this state. In the beginning Blacks were forced into the establishment of bondage. After the abolishment of bondage Blacks faced institutional racism, that is, racism legitimated by the whole of society directed against the few of society. As a aspect of that institutional racism Blacks are now forced to persist the increasing tendency of control by the US Criminal Justice System. Control by the USCJS includes the probation, word, imprisonment, and decease of Blacks. A survey conducted by the Sentencing Undertaking in 1989 found tat more than one-quarter of all Blacks between the age of 20 and 29 are under the control of the USCJS. This alarming figure becomes more so when you consider their are more Blacks in prison in this age group than their are all Blacks in college. This clearly reveals what is meant by the institutionalization of our Black young person. Black communities are being lawfully robbed of their young person by a system that locks up those who pose a menace to the position quo of institutional racism. The effects of this are damaging so. The kids are the hereafter, but what hereafter does a community have whose kids are all locked up. By virtuousness of robbing the Black community of their young person, the USCJS robs Black communities of their hereafter leaders and function theoretical accounts. With such a status at manus full communities are lost and the ailments of the urban ghettos are augmented. To assist explicate why Blacks are being locked up, and what portion of imprisonment dramas in institutional racism it would be helpful to first expression at the roots of institutional racism. Institutional Racism And It # 8217 ; s Roots Institutional racism was a term foremost coined by Stokley Carmichael in his book Black Power. Refering racism, Carmichael and co-author Charles V. Hamilton made the undermentioned observation: Racism is both open and covert. It takes two, closely related signifiers ; single White persons moving against single Blacks, and Acts of the Apostless by the sum of White community against the Black community. We call these single racism and institutional racism. The writers go on to province that it is the hiddenness of the 2nd type, the institutional racism, that makes it so unsafe. Because institutional racism is less obvious and it is less evident were it is emanating from ( and it is emanating from everyplace ) creeps up on you and overpower you when you are non looking. Institutional racism, though coined by Carmichael, existed long earlier it was conceived of in Black Power. As I have stated it has existed since Blacks were foremost brought to this state. The leaders of early America sought deliberately to suppress Blacks and do so lawfully. Of class back so they did non bother with probation, word or even long prison sentences. Back so Blacks who went against the grain and objected to his intervention in even the slightest was merely killed. Public lynching were a crowd drawer and a crowd pleaser in the early American South. Blacks were non imprisoned every bit much because they were seen as either utile our useless. A good field custodies or house niggas tended to their jobs, did as they were told, and neer caused a job , and were hence deserving their weight in gold. An uppity nigga was no good to anyone and was either beaten into entry or set to decease. This reveals a really of import facet about the imprisonment of Blacks today. During the period of bondage in the US Blacks were needed as workers and were hence used as so. What are Blacks needed for now? Despite the many achievements of such great discoverers as Granville T. Forests and Benjamin Bannicker, it would look that White society would hold no usage for Blacks. During the period of bondage Blacks deemed useless were killed. In today # 8217 ; s society Blacks are less frequently killed, but are really frequently imprisoned. And by virtuousness of making so Blacks are once more used. As I stated in the beginning condemnable justness and security is one of the largest industries in the US. The prison system is a multi-billion dollar industry and it is quickly increasing. So in an effort to insulate and command the outcast, the hapless Black, an economic niche was filled. There is about an inducement to lock up Blacks because in making so two birds are killed with one rock ; the menace to position quo and its members is contained and a vaulting horse is made in the procedure. It seems the US has matriculated really small from the brutality of the early nineteenth century. Again White society is utilizing Blacks for economic addition, once more the system is legitimated and legalized by the US Government, and once more the load on Blacks is badly great. The Value Of Black Life Slavery in the 90 # 8217 ; s? A chilling, but none the less existent status. But what about when Blacks go beyond their utility. What about when the menace that Blacks pose is a greater consideration than the economic prosperity they bring? Merely as in the period of bondage Blacks are killed. A survey conducted by the United States General Accounting Office ( USGAO ) found that the decease of Whites was the individual greatest determiner in enforcing capital penalty. In other words, you are more likely to be lawfully killed, if you slaying a White adult male than if you kill a Black adult male. It would look so that the value of a White life is diametrically greater than that of a Black life. To to the full understand this you must look at it from all vantage points. If you kill a White you are deserving more dead ; if you kill a Black you are deserving more alive. Another manner to see the sensed greater wealth of a White life is this: a White adult male who kills a Black adult male has a greater opportunity of life. A Black adult male who putting to deaths a White adult male has a greater opportunity of deceasing. From every vantage point the value of White life is greater than that of Black life. This is the individual most cardinal facet of institutional racism. The belief that White life is greater than Black life is the beginning of the job. So much attempt is put into keeping this position quo that Blacks find themselves clip and clip once more put in the place of subjugation they are in today, and have been in since they foremost arrived in the United States 400 old ages ago. Looking For Solution Solutions to the job of the institutionalization of Black young person will non come easily. To supplication for White society to halt imprisoning our hereafter leaders would probably fall on deaf ears. Most leaders do non look past their term of authorities so they take the clip to see the long term deductions of their statute law. In other words, leaders do non see the consequences of holding the future leaders of the Black communities imprisoned. Besides most do non care. In the sentencing undertaking it was pointed out that the acquire tough attack to offense in which there was an addition of apprehensions, strong beliefs and drawn-out sentences has decreased victimization rates less than 5 % since 1973. Despite the statistics the acquire tough tendency, which is disproportionately aimed against Blacks, has continued. What I feel the lone solution is, degrading as it may be, is for Blacks to turn out their worth. Blacks must turn out that they are deserving something to White society beyond the economic niche they help make full in prison. Blacks must turn out that they are a benefit which Whites can non make without. Once We have established ourselves as helpers so We can get down to interrupt down the walls of institutional racism, halt the aside of our communities, and genuinely progress.

The unknown citizen Essay Example For Students

The unknown citizen Essay Thomas uses contrasting imagery, as Henry Reed did in Naming of Parts, in the line And all the birds are singing, bills wide in vain/As Cynddylan passes proudly up the lane to vent his anger at the fact that the noisy machinery drowns out the stunning sound of nature. R. S. Thomas, like the two previous poets, does not directly complain about the removal of man from the soil and the association to machinery, but prefers to use a variety of techniques to show his opposition to the self-estrangement of man from the soil. We will write a custom essay on The unknown citizen specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The last of the four poems, Do not go Gentle into that Good Night, is Dylan Thomas lament on the death of his father. It is his angry outburst about the death and death in general. That Good Night is Thomas metaphor for death. The 1st and 3rd lines of each stanza rhyme, which gives the poem a plod-like tone, helping to add to Thomas belief that he has to accept the inevitability of death, for example night rhymes with light, and height. The traipsing tone indicates that this poem is to be read, even though it is iambic. The rhyme and rhythm structure is very important as it is constant throughout the poem and gives the poem its structured appearance. The lexis used in this poem is often very bitter, with words such as rage, frail and curse being examples. The continual tonal shift throughout the verses reflects Thomas confused feelings, in some verses he expresses his desire for his father to rage against the crying of the light, but in another he reflects on his fathers frail state. Examples can be seen when in one verse he uses the word wild to express outrage, but in another he becomes passive and uses words such as sad and gentle. He comments on death in each verse and, like the other poets, uses enjambment to continue ideas from one line to the next. Thomas brings all of his ideas together in the final stanza, which signifies the conclusion of the poem and the end rhyming couplet brings his ideas together tidily. Dylan Thomas is perhaps the most direct of all the poets in expressing his complaint, although it is still expressed through linguistic techniques and Latinate language. In conclusion, my personal favourite poem is Do not go Gentle into that Good Night because of the continual tonal shift it contains. I find the balancing of the lines remarkable as the poet, Dylan Thomas, is able to exquisitely swap from a raging tone to a vulnerable state with precision. This poem also contains a remarkably effective rhyming scheme, and the fact that there is the continual repetition of the last word on the 1st and 3rd lines gives the poem structure. This is not to say that I dont like the other poems, as I enjoy the intelligent use of language and techniques across the selection, but I take pleasure in reading Thomas poem because of its slower pace and also because of all of the mixed emotions communicated.

The romantic period essays

The romantic period essays The Romantic Period/Era produced a plethora of great writings. It was a period of great change and emancipation ( ). While the Classical era had strict laws of balance and restraint, the Romantic era moved away from that by allowing artistic freedom, experimentation and creativity ( ). Romantic ideas centered around art as inspiration, the spiritual and aesthetic dimension of nature, and metaphors of organic growth. Art, rather than science, Romantics argued, could best express universal truth. The Romantics underscored the importance of expressive art for the individual and society ( ). The development of the self became a major theme; self-awareness a primary method. If, according to Romantic theory, self and nature were one, self-awareness was not a selfish dead end but a mode of knowledge opening up the universe ( ). If ones self were one with all humanity, then the individual had a moral duty to reform social inequalities and relieve human suffering ( ). Unlike Eur opean groups, transcendentalists never issued a manifesto. They insisted on individual differences on the unique viewpoint of the individual. American Transcendentalists Romantics pushed radical individualism to the extreme. It stressed individualism, affirmed the value of the common person, and looked to the inspired imagination for its aesthetic and ethical values. Certainly the New England TranscendentalistsRalph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and their associates including William Wordsworth and William Butler Yeats were inspired to a new optimistic affirmation by the Romantic movement ( ). Thoreau was the trailblazer for most of the transcendentalists, his masterpiece Walden, a result of two years living in a cabin, shaped the views of writer to come. In Walden, Thoreau not only tests the theories of Transcendentalism, he re-enacts the collective American experience of the 19th century: living on the frontier. Thoreau f...

Why International and Domestic Terrorist Hate Research Paper

Why International and Domestic Terrorist Hate - Research Paper Example The fight against terrorism is a global responsibility however, there is need to identify why these terrorist groups target specific regions and nations while attacking. According to LaFree et al (2012) international terrorism has been a threat in USA since 1970. The targets being populated areas and government premises. The tactics have changed over the years but the impacts of their attacks have been devastating both to the affected individuals and the country’s economy. The major tactics used by al- Qaeda remains facility attacks such as the September 11 attack. The main aim of these terror groups is to psychologically and physically affect their targets. The higher the causality would imply their success in their attack. The first reason as to why the hate is the fact that the two regional locations of USA and the terror group have had its historical differences. The historical rivalry has played part in making USA their target. Historical differences have culminated into hatred and lack of trust between the terror group and the nation. The previous leaders of the group also have had their differences with the state hence this has played part in creating animosity between the country and Al- Qaeda. Ideological differences have also played part in making USA the target of al-Qaeda. This revolves around both political and philosophical ideologies. Political stands by the state have meant that they develop their national agenda based on what the state believes is the rule of law (Borgeson & Valeri, 2009). On the other hand the group advocates for traditional methodology in governance and lifestyle. Different political ideologies has meant that the United State revise their military policy to offer aid to their allies. This means that the country has been actively involved in world politics. In most cases the military aid has meant reducing the military prowess of this terror

Management of change - Organisational Environment Essay

Management of change - Organisational Environment - Essay Example From that humble, but enterprising start ("With two routs and two planes, they carried 82 passengers in one year"), Michael O'Leary, its CEO, under whom it underwent an organisational change that took it to unbelievably dizzy heights with the following fantastic growth rate: "Not only are there different types of change, which manifest themselves in different organisations, change also appears differently at different levels of an organisation and in its various functions," Senior (2002, p. 57). Michael O'Leary adopted 'low fares, no frills' policy and in 10 years, Ryanair had carried 2.25 million passengers and was voted Best Managed National Airline by International Aviation Week Magazine. It launched its own website and sold tickets directly to passengers monopolising 95% of the total bookings. It can be conceptualised as Mintzberg's Entrepreneurial Organisational form. "..tends to be low in formalisation and standardisation, but high in centralisation with authority localised in a single person," Senior (p. 103). In 2004, it recorded its first loss of 3.3 million and O'Leary warned of a 'bloodbath' out of which only 2 or 3 airlines would emerge winners, assuming Ryanair would be the first one. Now with more countries in EU, Ryanair has cut its losses and looking upwards again, with EasyJet, Air Berlin, Germanwings, Translavia as its main competitors. It remains one of the most controversial companies, praised and criticised in equal measure for populism, challenging the 'establishment' within the airline industry, deceptive advertisements, trade union policies, and stubborn ways reflecting O'Leary personality. It is also accused of poor treatment to passengers, refusing to provide accommodation or meal vouchers when flights are cancelled, for poorly treating disabled passengers, ill treating its employees, flying into smaller airports away from the cities, for vicious attacks on opponents (Mary O'Rourke - Conflict of Organisations and Ryanair has to deal with many Governmental authorities as in Interdependence concept), offensive in-house advertising, and for its old second-hand airliners. It receives subsidies from European airports and EC believes that this is against EU competition laws. Whatever the criticisms are, Ryanair has proved to be a management and business marvel with its never-say-die grit. Its concept can be connected with Power Pricing: "Power pricing attempts the impossible, namely to increase profit and value simultaneously," www.wirtschaft.uni- kassel.de/marketing/downloads/Interview.pdf The European Management Journal, Vol.19, No.5, pp. 472-480, October 2001. Its strategic interaction flourishes on the perpetually alert Strategic Management, focussing on Price competition amongst low cost carriers. Ryanair is definitely not a prisoner of circumstances and has shown immense capability to rise above every hostile situation. It has to look for sometimes rude, to keep its expenses low and that could draw flak. Its main wealth is the remarkable leadership provided by O'Leary, based on Leadership qualities of Management, especially that of Directive leadership. "The